合并短句时,先选一个能表示两个想法关系的连接,再把标点写对。常见的两种错误,是句子零碎,以及只用逗号连接。
这项技能出现在写作任务和各种改写任务中,属于句子构建与改写。
怎样决定两个句子如何连接?
先问:这两个想法是什么关系?是一个导致另一个,是转折,是先后顺序,还是单纯补充?关系决定连接词。
| 关系 | 连接词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 补充 | and | The room was quiet, and the lights were dim. |
| 转折 | but, although | The exam was long, but it was fair. |
| 原因 | because, since | We stayed in because it rained. |
| 结果 | so | It rained, so we stayed in. |
| 先后 | after, before, when | After the bell rang, we left. |
然后处理标点。and、but、so 连接两个完整分句时,词前要加逗号。句子以 although、because 或 after 开头时,在第一个分句后加逗号。
例题
把下面三个句子合成一句:
The bus was late. The students waited outside. It started to rain.
第 1 步,找关系。 公交车晚点是学生等待的原因。下雨是等待期间多出来的事。
第 2 步,选主要意思。 主要意思是学生在外面等。车晚点是背景,可以变成一个简短的开头从句。
第 3 步,合并。 Because the bus was late, the students waited outside until it started to rain.
第 4 步,检查。 三个事实都在吗?车晚点、在外面等、下雨:都在。开头从句后有逗号吗?有。只有一个主句吗?是。
另一种写法是 The bus was late, so the students waited outside, and then it started to rain. 两种都对,选你想突出的那一种。
要留意的错误
错误答案: The bus was late, the students waited outside.
两个完整句子只用逗号连接。这就是 comma splice。
有四种改法:在逗号后加 and 或 so,把逗号改成分号,改成句号,或把其中一句变成开头的 because 从句。一个快速的测试是:盖住逗号之前的所有内容。如果剩下的部分可以独立成句,就需要比逗号更强的连接。
自我检测
1. 用表示结果的连接词合并:The road was flooded. We took another route.
Show answer
The road was flooded, so we took another route. 第二件事是第一件事的结果,所以用 so,前面加逗号。
2. 改正连写句:I like the park, it is quiet in the morning.
Show answer
I like the park because it is quiet in the morning. 第二个分句是原因时,because 前面不用逗号。分号或句号也能改正,但表现不出原因。
3. 合成一句:Rina packed her bag. She checked the timetable. She left for school.
Show answer
After Rina packed her bag and checked the timetable, she left for school. 前两个动作主语相同,用 and 连接。顺序词 after 表示出发在最后。
接下来学什么
当合并变得自然之后,接着学用清楚的指代替换重复名词,因为合并后的句子常常重复同一个词。然后用句子综合练习检验自己,也可以试试摘要选句与改写工作室。
有些学生能说出规则,但快写的时候还是会写出 comma splice。读你真实作文的老师能及早发现这个习惯,这也是我们线上一对一英语作为第二语言补习的一部分。