描写是停留在一个瞬间或地点,并深入探索它;故事则是随着时间推进一连串事件。当你的句子靠 “then” 连接时,你写的也许是一个简单的故事,而不是描写。
这项技能在描写文(descriptive writing)任务中很重要,把它和叙事设计对照着看会更清楚,因为叙事的重点正是事件的推进。
怎样区分两者?
留意描写里出现的这些「未展开故事」的迹象:
- 句子靠 “then”、“after that”、“next” 连接;
- 几行之内时间就往前跳(早上、下午、夜晚);
- 动作动词多过场景细节;
- 戏剧性的结尾,例如撞车、尖叫或 “and then I woke up”。
描写的特征正好相反。时钟几乎不动,文字向外扩展,更近地观察同一个地方。
如何让一个瞬间停住
- 选一个瞬间,停留其中。
- 让视线移动,而不是情节移动。 动感来自观察者的注意力掠过空间。
- 只在能揭示场景时才用小动作。
- 守住重点(见第一课),并以它收尾,而不是以事件收尾。
例题
题目: Describe a railway platform early in the morning.
故事版本:
I got up early and went to the station. I bought a ticket. Then the train came and I got on. It was a long journey.
四个事件,没有场景。读者对月台一无所知。
描写版本:
At 5.40 the platform belonged to the pigeons. A cleaner pushed a broom in slow arcs, and the ticket window was a rectangle of yellow light with nobody behind the glass yet. The display board showed a single line of red numbers, blinking the time as if unsure of it. Somewhere past the signal, a low hum began in the rails, the kind that meant something was coming and would not be hurried.
时间几乎没动。视线在游走(鸽子、清洁工、窗口、显示板、信号灯)。唯一的小动作,扫地,衬托出清晨的安静。结尾指向前方,却没有开启情节。
要留意的错误
写作者担心静止会无聊,于是加进戏剧情节。
错误的添加: Suddenly a man in a black coat ran along the platform shouting and snatched a woman’s bag.
这已经是另一篇文章了。描写消失了,一个抢劫故事刚开头,却没有篇幅把它展开。
改正: 如果想要动感,就保持小而且服务于画面。“A man in a black coat hurried along the platform, checking the numbers on the carriages, and the pigeons lifted and resettled behind him.” 场景依然鲜活,读者仍在看着月台。
自我检测
1. 这是描写还是简单的故事?“Mr Lim locked the shop, counted the day’s takings and left.”
查看答案
这是简单的故事。三个动作在时间上依次发生,而我们对这家店一无所知。描写可以这样开头:“The shop smelled of cut keys and warm metal, and the last of the light lay across the counter like a brass bar.”
2. 把下面的句子改写成黄昏海滩的描写:“I walked to the beach. Then I sat down. Then a wave came. Then I went home.”
查看答案
示例:“At dusk the beach emptied out slowly. The sand held the day’s warmth a little longer than the air did, and each wave came in lower and quieter, leaving a thin line of foam that faded before the next one arrived.” 一个瞬间,没有 “then”,视线从沙滩移到海浪。
3. 为什么在安静公园的描写里写 “Suddenly, a scream echoed” 有风险?
查看答案
它开启了情节。读者马上想知道是谁尖叫、发生了什么,而描写没有篇幅回答。除非题目同时要求写故事,否则应把重点放在公园的宁静上。
接下来学什么
在描写文练习题中把整个模块一起试一遍,然后用错题记录工具追踪哪个习惯总是反复出现。
如果你总是从描写滑向事件,我们的老师可以在一对一线上 English First Language 补习中帮你找出它发生的那一句。